April 28, 2007
Student Abstracts
Abstracts are in order of last name of presenter.
Oral Presentations: Engineering Building, UW Campus
1:00
– 5:30 PM
Poster Presentations: Family Room, Wyoming Student Union
4:30 – 6:30 PM
Abstracts are in order of last name of presenter.
Poster Presentations: Family Room, Wyoming Student Union
4:30 – 6:30 PM
Students presenting at Wyoming Research Day
represent
the very best and brightest of UW
and the Community Colleges. Without the
support and encouragement of dedicated UW and
Community College faculty these
exceptional students would not have the opportunity
to do independent research
in such a wide array of exciting areas…thank you
Enzymatic
Activity
of Uteroglobin in Non-aqueous Solvents
Loren Ackels with Dr. Jan Kubelka
Department of Chemistry
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: Enzymes are potent
catalysis of
biochemical reactions and are naturally suited to catalyze reactions in
aqueous
solutions. However, it has been
demonstrated that enzymes can retain much of their catalytic activity
in
organic solvents. This opens new possibilities for using enzymes as
catalysts
for refinement of petroleum, since water is incompatible with the
petroleum
refinement process. One protein in particular is uteroglobin,
which is
seventy amino acids long. Uteroglobin is hypothesized to be able to
bind to
dibenzothiophene and act as a catalyst to create the oxidized form of
dibenzothiophene called dibenzothiophene sulfone. Since
dibenzothiophene is one
of the major sulfur-containing contaminant of petroleum, this can be
extremely
useful in the petroleum industry as a biocatalyst and create a cleaner
path
than by using traditional technologies to desulfur petroleum products
such as
crude oil, diesel, and gasoline.
Subjects:
Uteroglobin; Nonaqueous
solvents; Petroleum—Desulphurization
Megan Ahrens with Dr. Sonya Meyer
Family and Consumer Sciences
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Lincoln, NE
Abstract: Research to be addressed is the issue of clothing and how it relates to the social construction of gender. Data from past clothing styles will be compared to present-day clothing to discover similarities and differences in gender roles.
What it means to be male or female tends to be differentiated in an oversimplified manner because only two gender categories exist. Therefore, a sharp distinction emerges between feminine styles of clothing and masculine styles of clothing. These differences shape males and females into their societal roles; women are pressured into passive femininity while men are given active masculine power.
In the past, women’s passiveness was obvious through their clothing styles while in present-day, it is less pronounced but still prevalent. This paper will attempt to prove that the social construction of gender has existed in clothing of the past and still exists in present-day fashion.
Subjects: Clothing and dress—Social aspects; Clothing and dress—Psychological aspects; Sex role—Social aspects
John Allhusen with Dr. Franco Basile
Chemistry
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Casper, WY
Abstract:
Research to be addressed is the efficiency of detecting trichloroethene
using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Trichloroethene (TCE) is a carcinogenic water pollutant that is toxic in small amounts. The Environmental Engineering department at the University of Wyoming is trying to find a means of binding this compound to other non-hazardous chemicals. They conducted some tests and sent their products to Franco Basile’s Lab to be analyzed. We created a calibration curve of standard concentrations to quantify the concentrations of the unknowns. An Internal standard of TCE C13 was used to create more accurate results. This presentation will describe the processes that were required to analyze the samples.
Subjects: Trichloroethylene—Analysis;
Water—Pollution—Measurement
Using a Mutagenesis Screen to Complement an RNAi-based Screen for
fshr-1
Synthetic
Mutants in C.
elegans
Carly-Ann M. Anderson with Dr. David Fay
Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: Hormones play an essential role in human biology by controlling growth, development, and reproduction. The receptors for the two human gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have a single ortholog called FSHR-1 in the nematode C. elegans. Alone, fshr-1 is a non-essential gene, but it is involved in many cellular processes in C. elegans and acts cooperatively with other genes.
To study these genes, a genome-wide RNAi screen was performed in an fshr-1 background and genetic interactions were identified. 114 genes were found to interact synthetically with fshr-1 that resulted in a variety of phenotypes. To complement this screen, two chemical mutagenesis screens were performed. This forward genetics approach yielded nine promising mutants, six of which are currently being characterized and mapped.
Subjects: Glycoprotein hormones—Receptors ; Genetics, Experimental ; Caenorhabditis elegans—Genetics
EPSCoR
Science Teacher
Education Program (STEP):
Invaluable Research Experience
Emily Averill with Liz Flaherty (Zoology and Physiology) and Drs. Anne Sylvester, Joseph Stepans, and James McClurg (EPSCoR/STEP)
Secondary Education
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR/STEP
Laramie, WY
Abstract:
In the Summer of 2006, I
participated in the brand new Science Teacher Education Program
(STEP). This
program gives pre-service science teachers the opportunity to
experience
authentic research. I got to spend a summer finding out what
scientists
actually do.
I was paired with PhD
Candidate Elizabeth Flaherty in the Zoology & Physiology
Department. Her
research involves examining the diet and dispersal capabilities of the
Northern
Flying Squirrel. She looks to find out whether or not the
squirrels have the
physical capability and food source to transverse a clear cut patch of
forest
to get to a new patch of old growth, therefore maintaining genetic
variance. I
assisted her in one way by weighing food samples for stable isotope
analysis. I
also helped in carrying out a procedure to test the ability of flying
squirrels
to run for long periods of time (in nature their main method of
locomotion is
gliding).
It was a truly enriching experience. Teaching children has always been my number one priority, but I often thought of what it would be like to work in the field as a scientist. The STEP program gave me this invaluable real-world experience that I can take with me into my classroom someday.
Subjects: Science teachers—Training of—Wyoming ; Science—Study and teaching
Sara Bender with Dr. Tami Benham-Deal
Kinesiology and Health
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Bottineau, ND
Abstract: This paper
looks into
the common types of eating disorders and disordered eating. It
looks at the
criteria for being diagnosis, as well as a brief description of general
treatment.
Then the paper looks
at the major macronutrients of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and
water. A
discussion of each includes a brief description of the physical
structure, what
the body uses each for, and how the body uses the nutrients. In
the water
section, dehydration is mentioned and discussed later.
The paper now delves
into wrestling. Both in-season and off-season activities are
listed. After
the general activities of wrestling are describe the issue of weight
and weight
cutting is discussed. Wrestlers are assigned to a weight class
and must meet
that weight for every competition. Many wrestlers try to wrestle
at a lower
weight than is healthy, so they cut weight. Weight cutting is one
of the main
health care concerns for wrestlers. The NCAA has rules to help
limit these
actions. Wrestlers put their bodies at risk when they partake in weight
cutting, at its worst it leads to death.
This paper is designed to be an educational piece about the harms of weight cutting by wrestlers.
Subjects: Wrestling—Health
aspects ; Eating disorders in men.
Process
Design of a Grass-Roots Ethanol Production
Facility
Group AM2 – Melissa Binder, Melissa Gangl, Ashley Madrid with Dr. H. Gordon Harris
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Laramie, WY
Abstract: Ethanol is a very important energy source for the United States today. As petroleum prices increase with the dependence of foreign oil, an alternative energy source is needed. The use of fossil fuels is also causing air pollution to increase at alarming levels. Ethanol is an alternative energy source that will begin lessening the impact of fossil fuels on the environment and economy of the United States. This project includes raw material and location breakdown, process model, energy balance, economic analysis, and safety and permitting of a grass-roots ethanol production facility in southeastern Wyoming utilizing corn as the source material. In addition, an investigation of specifications required to upgrade the facility to utilize biomass as the source material will be conducted.
Subjects: Biomass energy—Economic aspects—Wyoming ; Alcohol fuel industry—Economic aspects—Wyoming ; Chemical plants—Design and construction
Computer Science
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Computer Science Senior Design Laramie, WY
Abstract: The project is described as using Bayesian networks to produce probabilities for outcomes of soccer matches. Conditional independence assumptions, inference methods, and network architecture will be explained. Parser methods for user input will be discussed. The algorithms to compute probabilities do not scale when no previous information is provided. A recommendation for more time to experiment with conditional probability table functions.
Subjects: Bayesian statistical decision theory—Data processing ; Decision making—Statistical methods
Kinesiology and Health Promotion
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Laramie, WY
Abstract: The leading cause of death for men and women in the United States is cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is largely predominated by physical inactivity and obesity, two factors that have been shown to cause endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction contributes largely to CVD in that it prevents effective circulatory response mechanisms to cardiovascular stressors. Therefore, endothelium-mediated forearm blood flow is increasingly recognized as an important diagnostic measure of cardiovascular health.
We attempted to determine whether participation in an Active Living Everyday (ALE) web-based physical activity program for 16 weeks increased endothelium-mediated forearm blood flow in rural overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) adults between the ages 21-65. Contrary to what we predicted, we found that reactive forearm blood flow increased similarly among the two experimental groups during the 16-week experimental program, leading us to evaluate the intensity of physical activity promoted by the ALE website intervention.
The goal of the ALE intervention program was to increase the volume of physical activity (frequency and duration) rather than the intensity. The results of our present study lead us to suggest that the intensity of exercise achieved by those subjects participating in the ALE intervention program was not enough to elicit significant changes in endothelium-mediated forearm blood flow.
Subjects: Obesity—Treatment—Evaluation ; Reducing exercises—Evaluation ; Cardiovascular diseases—Prevention
Paige Brog, Matt Cheshire, Kelly Lear, and Nori Nozumi with Bud Chew, Ph.D.
Biology Department
Western WY Community College
Oral Presentation
Supported by INBRE Community College Hometowns: Afton, WY
and EPSCoR Thayne, WY
Rock Springs , WY
Tokyo, Japan
Abstract: The baroreflex is altered by iron deficiency (ID), and both sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents are affected. Previously, we used the “ramp” technique, with a continuous infusion altering blood pressure (BP), and afferent signals from arterial and non-arterial baroreceptors. This study distinguished between two types of afferent baroreceptor signals, and determined which are affected by ID. To do this, we employed the “steady-state” baroreflex protocol, in which BP is altered, held steady for 90 s, and HR measured during the final 30 s. CD rats (Harlan) were put on an ID or control (C) diet for 4 weeks; ID was confirmed by microhematocrit (p<0.05). One femoral artery and both femoral veins were catheterized; rats recovered for 1 d. Methoxamine hydrochloride and nitroprusside were infused intravenously in bolus volumes to alter BP across a broad range; BP was held steady for 90 s by small subsequent infusions. Further experiments are continuing at time of abstract writing. However, a preliminary data analysis (n=9) has been completed, and indicates that, in sharp contrast to our “ramp” technique experiments, the steady-state baroreflex is not altered by ID. If confirmed by further experimental repetitions, we conclude that ID alters primarily non-arterial afferent components of the baroreflex.
Subjects: Baroreflexes ; Blood pressure—Physiology ; Iron—Physiological effect
The Effect of Knee
Extensor Strength Asymmetry on
Landing Kinematics: Implications for ACL Injury
Lindsey Caba with Dr. Zachary Domire
Biomechanics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Hastings, NE
Abstract: It has been proven that the hamstrings act to protect the ACL by exerting a posterior force on the tibia. However, the ability of the hamstrings to protect the ACL is greatly reduced when landing with little knee flexion. It was hypothesized that quadriceps strength would be an important determinant in knee angle at landing and that subjects who have a strength deficit in one leg would land with a more extended knee and therefore, be at higher risk for ACL injury. Fifty males and fifty females, who had stated being free from any lower extremity orthopedic injury, were recruited to participate in the study. Subjects performed bilateral knee strength tests using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects also performed drop landings at a calculated maximum vertical height, forty and sixty centimeters onto two force plates. Unfortunately, due to a marker placement error, data from only 10 subjects was able to be analyzed. From the subject pool all of the male subjects’ stronger lower extremity presented with a greater knee angle upon landing, especially when under a great amount of stress. This data was not proven in the female subjects.
Subjects: Anterior cruciate ligament—Wounds and injuries—Susceptibility ; Knee—Muscles ; Muscle strength ; Impact—Physiological effect
Phylogenetic Relationships of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Parasites
from Wild Rodents Based
on Plastid ORF 470 Sequences
Jason Casebolt, Danielle Hofmann, Cheryl Mandich, Clint Oliver with
Dr. Dagmara Motriuk-Smith and Dr. R. Scott Seville
Department of Zoology and Physiology and University of Wyoming/Casper College Center
University of Wyoming
Poster Presentation
INBRE-UW/CC and EPSCoR Casper, WY
Abstract: Historically, taxonomy and systematics of Eimeria parasites has largely been based on a limited number of morphologic characteristics of the sporulated exogenous stage or oocyst. DNA based analyses are becoming a useful tool in investigations of eimerian relationships and for identifying synapomorphies for constructing phylogenetic hypotheses. Six Eimeria species from wild rodent hosts were selected for this study. Partial plastid Open Reading Frame (ORF) 470 sequences were PCR-amplified, sequenced and analyzed. A preliminary analysis of the produced sequence data divides the Eimeria into two lineages based on oocyst morphology, not host specificity. One clade consists of four oocyst residuum (OR) lacking species: E. vilasi, and E. morainensis from the Wyoming ground squirrel (Spermophilus elegans); E. lancasterensis from the Eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger); and E. type1 from the tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus). The second lineage consists of two species: E. lateralis (OR present only during sporulation) from the Wyoming ground squirrel and E. callospermophili (OR present post sporulation) from the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris). The addition of other rodent eimerian ORF 470 sequences from GenBank to the analysis produced a similar phylogeny representing the two OR absent/ OR present clades. Interestingly, an altered genetic code for tryptophan was identified when the partial ORF 470 DNA sequences were translated.
Subjects: Eimeria—Genetics ; Eimeria—Phylogeny—Research
Plastid Function
and Codon Usage in Apicomplexan
Parasites
Department of Zoology and Physiology and University of Wyoming/Casper College Center
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR and INBRE-UW/CC Casper, WY
Abstract: The eukaryotic phylum Apicomplexa is comprised of parasites which include a wide range of organisms such as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Eimeria and Isospora. These organisms possess a secondarily acquired multi-membraned plastid which has its own 35 kb genome (plDNA) and is believed to be of red algal origin. While the complete function of this plastid is not fully understood, it is essential for parasite transmission and does play a role in multiple biochemical pathways. One of the 60 genes encoded in the plDNA is open reading frame 470 (ORF470). This gene has been linked to an orthologue in red algae (ycf24) and more recently to one in bacteria (sufB). An altered genetic code has been identified in some Apicomplexans, where the codon UGA appears to encode a tryptophan residue instead of a stop codon. Multiple ORF470 DNA sequences from Eimeria parasites were translated into amino acid sequences and analyzed for this altered codon usage. E. morainensis, E. lancasterensis, E. vilasi, and E. type1 all had at least one in frame UGA that presumably codes for tryptophan.
Subjects: Apicomplexa—Phylogeny ;
Plastids ; Cell organelles—Formation
Potamopyrgus antipodarum, on native macroinvertebrates
and
their food
sources
Caroline Charles with Dr. Amy Krist
Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Durango, CO
Abstract: The earth hosts more biodiversity now than it has in the past. Although there is a large amount of biodiversity, it is declining at an extremely rapid rate. One large affect on the decline of biodiversity is the invasion of non-native species that are moving in and competing with many of the native organisms for food and/or habitat. In many cases, invasive species are out-competing native species and causing extirpation of the native species.
We are studying the New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive species in the Western U.S. These invasive snails may have considerable impacts on native species. This snail has been shown to compete with some of the native species for periphyton, their shared food source.
To understand the extent of diet overlap between the New Zealand mud snail and several native invertebrates, I have been comparing periphyton samples that were grazed by different invertebrates. To do this I made a type of slide that allows me to identify and quantify diatoms, and another slide type for algae identification and quantification. After collecting the data for periphyton assemblages, I will be able to compare the amount of diatoms and other algae that were consumed by the different species, and therefore the potential impacts the invasive species may have on natives.
Subjects: Freshwater invertebrates—West (U.S.) ; New Zealand mudsnail ; Competition (Biology)—Research
Chris Christensen with Aleksey Kletsov (Physics) and Drs. Anne Sylvester, Joseph Stepans and James McClurg (EPSCoR/STEP)
Secondary Education and Physics
University of Wyoming
Oral
Presentation
EPSCoR/STEP Laramie, WY
Abstract: Research to be addressed is the issue of nanotechnology. At issue is electron transfer through a single molecule nanoscale device. The research is based in theoretical physics. Mathematical models are made to predict actual results of experiments that might be done in the future. At the present time transistors have reached the limit of how small they can be made, so research is now being done to make transistors on a nanoscale.
If research in nanotechnology continues things once thought to be science fiction may soon become reality. If a breakthrough can be made in the size of field effect transistors that are in computers, computers can be some 100,000 times faster than they are now; opening up limitless opportunities in technology. Some of the advances may include measurements with one atom precision, sensors to detect dangerous substances, membranes for separation with high precision, and nano-robots that can go inside people’s bodies and clean and fix them.
Nanotechnology is a new field that has only been heavily studied for the last thirty years. The field combines aspects of quantum mechanics, solid-state physics, chemistry, engineering, linear algebra and calculus.
Subjects: Nanoelectronics ; Science teachers—Training of—Wyoming
Jenelle Clark with Professor Mark Ritchie
Department of Art
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: The American Environmental Movement of the 1960s and 70s was a time of increased public interest in the well being of the natural environment. As public environmental awareness grew, a group of similarly concerned artists began creating large-scale sculptures in the American West that utilized the natural environment in ways previous unseen in art.
The Land and Environmental Art Movement grew out of these early explorations into land-based sculpture and even coined the phrase earthwork, which is used to indicate a type of sculpture that incorporates site and landscape as fully integrated elements in the art. In the 1970’s, three leading artists—Robert Smithson, Nancy Holt, and Water de Maria—each created large-scale earthworks significant to the Land and Environmental Art Movement. These pieces; Spiral Jetty, Sun Tunnels, and The Lightning Field, respectively; are unique in that they help the viewer to experience the western landscape in a more complete and personal way. The location of these works in remote desert regions also invites the viewer to appreciate a landscape traditionally seen as harsh and inhospitable. The viewer is challenged to open up to the experience of that landscape and in turn develop a better connection to the natural environment.
Subjects: Earthworks (Art)—West (U.S.)
Comparison
using subjective and objective measures of
activity
Karen Elizabeth Cody with Dr. Brandon Alderman
Division of Kinesiology and Health
University of Wyoming
Oral
Presentation
EPSCoR Laramie, WY
Abstract: Early positive physical activity experiences and behaviors developed during childhood are believed to influence future physical activity participation. One area that has received increasing research attention is the role of the family in shaping and influencing children’s decisions to become, and remain, physically active. Parents may influence their children’s physical activity through modeling of the behavior or through their influence on children’s perceptions and values regarding physical activity participation. Mixed results have been reported regarding the nature of the relationship between parents’ and children’s activity; however, relatively few studies in this area have employed objective measures to assess physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parent’s and children’s physical activity levels through questionnaire and objective measures of activity. Parents and children who have previously participated in analogous research were asked to record their daily activities while wearing a Polar heart rate monitor and a pedometer to measure step counts for four consecutive days. Data were also collected relative to the value and importance parents have towards their children’s physical activity. Data are currently being analyzed and these findings will potentially have implications for future research and theoretical design.
Subjects: Exercise for children ; Exercise—Psychological aspects ; Parent and child
Energy
Intake is Influenced by an Internet-based
Physical Activity Behavior Change Program
Alison Coffey with Dr. Derek Smith
Kinesiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Colorado Springs, CO
Abstract: To determine whether macronutrient, micronutrient, and kilocalorie intake are influenced by a 16-week internet-based physical activity behavior change program. METHODS: 18 young and middle-aged (44.7+2.5 years) sedentary (<90 minutes of PA/week) and overweight/obese (BMI = 31.3+0.9 kg/m2) adults were randomized to either the delayed intent-to-treat control condition (N=8) or the 16-week IPAP (N=10). At baseline and after 16-weeks, PA (steps/day), body composition (BMI, waist circumference, % body fat), aerobic fitness, and self-report 3-day food diaries were measured. RESULTS: At baseline, control and IPAP groups were similar in BMI (30.1+0.9 vs. 32.7+1.6 kg/m2), % BF (43.3+1.7 vs. 42.0+3.7 %), aerobic fitness (29.1+1.5 vs. 33.6+1.4 mL/kg/min), and PA ( 7780+779 vs. 8003+697 steps/day). PA increased in the IPAP group (8003+697 vs 9720+523 steps/day; P<0.05) but not in the control group (7780+779 vs. 8000+523 steps/day). In the IPAP group, total grams of protein decreased (87+5 to 65+5 g; P<0.05) and percentage of total kilocalories from protein increased (16+1 to 21+1%; P<0.05). For fat and carbohydrate in the IPAP group, total grams consumed decreased (P<0.05) but their percentage of total kilocalories remained constant. CONCLUSIONS: A 16-week internet-based physical activity behavior change program that did not attempt to modify dietary/eating habits positively changed macronutrient consumption.
Subjects: Weight loss—Computer network
resources ;
Exercise—Health aspects
Prototype
Elementary School for the State of Wyoming
Shawn Cooney, Lorehana Gandiaga, Laura Garcia, Michael Gibbs, George Laughlin, Ryan Shields, and Ashley Spear with Dr. Anthony Denzer.
Civil and Architectural Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentations
Civil and Architectural Engineering Ogallala, NE; Green River, WY;
Arvada, CO; Rangely, CO; Powell, WY;
Torrington, WY; Cheyenne, WY.
Abstract: The State of Wyoming is currently undergoing a revolution in the way schools are designed and built. In the past, individual school districts were in charge of financing and building their own schools. There was a lot of local control and a lot of variety in school designs. A recent Supreme Court ruling decided that the State — not local districts — should finance and manage new school construction. Therefore, the State is suddenly in the business of school design, and they are concerned with managing escalating construction costs. They are also trying to treat different districts equitably while fulfilling their needs. As a result, they have adopted a policy to develop a few prototype designs that will be used across the state.
The students were charged to accept this challenge and produce a comprehensive building design for the proposed prototype elementary school following the School Facility Commission’s guidelines.
Subjects:
Elementary school buildings—Wyoming—Designs and plans
Synthetic
Spider Silk: an Emerging Biomaterial
Alyssa R. Cooper with Dr. Randy Lewis
Electrical Engineering and Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Riverton, WY
Abstract: Of the seven silks produced by the orb-weaver Nephila clavipes, two silks are well known for their extreme toughness: major ampullate silk for its high tensile strength and flagelliform silk for its incredible elasticity. Previously conducted research is thought to have identified the amino acids responsible for these properties in natural spider silk. This study focuses on the genetic engineering of Escherichia coli bacteria to produce proteins that are variations of the strength and elasticity amino acid motifs found in natural spider silks. These proteins have been purified and confirmed for amino acid composition. Then, the secondary structure was investigated using circular dichroism and finally the proteins were spun into fibers and tested for mechanical properties.
Subjects: Spider
webs—Composition ; Orb weavers ; Proteins—Biotechnology
Improved
Oil Recovery: A Case Study for a Powder River Basin Field
Group Brown – Sara Costopoulos, Kaspars Krutkramelis, Dwight Neptune, Tiffany Sorensen, Ryan Winner with Dr. H. Gordon Harris
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral
Presentation
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Laramie, WY
Abstract: This project evaluates use of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) plants for generation of electricity and as a source of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The House Creek field in the Powder River Basin is being examined as a candidate for EOR and CO2 sequestration.
Subjects: Enhanced oil recovery—Powder River Basin (Wyo. And Mont.) ; Combined cycle power plants
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Riverton, WY
Abstract: This discusses the difficulties of modeling the Rectisol process for sulfur removal from coal synthesis gas in Aspen Plus. In addition, a feasibility analysis for the Research Triangle Institute’s (RTI) direct sulfur removal process, which uses a zinc titanate sorbent, is provided. The synthesis gas (syngas) is treated using the Selexol process and then the sorbent is used. For both approaches, a basis of at least 99% removal of the sulfur was set.
Subjects: Coal
liquefaction ; Petroleum, Synthetic—Desulphurization
Process
Design of an Anhydrous Ammonia Production Facility
Blue Group – Jared Crawford, Britni Ellifritz, Benjamin Root with Dr. H. Gordon Harris
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Laramie, WY
Abstract: This project involves the grass-roots design of a 1500 ton/day anhydrous ammonia production facility for Dyno Nobel in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The presentation will explore the process design of the production facility; production facility energy requirements; environmental aspects of construction and operation of the facility; economics detailing costs for the facility; and a comparison of the price of production vs. the price of purchase per ton of anhydrous ammonia.
Subjects:
Ammonia ; Chemical plants—Wyoming—Cheyenne—Design and construction
Sarah Czerwinski with Dr. Robert Kitchin
Chemistry
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: The HIV-1 virus has infected and killed millions worldwide, and while there is no known cure for the virus, some individuals seem resistant to contracting it. Other individuals, long-term non-progressors and long-term survivors, are able to prolong the progression to AIDS. The genetic resistance that these individuals have to the HIV-1 virus is thought to be caused by genetic polymorphisms and the immune responses of exposed individuals.
Genetic polymorphisms that cause a resistance to the HIV-1 virus are thought to have been the result of selective pressure caused by an infectious disease such as smallpox, bubonic plague, or haemorrhagic plague. Prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya, hemophiliacs receiving blood transfusions with HIV-1 infected blood, and HIV-1 negative partners of HIV-1 positive individuals are all examples of groups of people who continue to test negative for HIV-1 antibodies despite repeated exposure to the virus.
By understanding the workings of the virus and the reasons that certain individuals are able to resist or prolong the HIV-1 infection, researchers will be able to develop successful medication to inhibit the virus as well as eventually produce an effective vaccine to prevent this deadly virus.
Subjects: HIV (Viruses) ; Natural immunity
Design
of a Modern
Grass-Roots Brewery
The Brew Crew – Bryce Dorr, Colter Rieke, Tommy Servantez Mike Thompson
with Dr. H. Gordon Harris
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Laramie, WY
Abstract: This presentation includes the implementation of modern technologies into the brewing process, the multi-product plant design and economic analysis, and specific marketing techniques for the brewing industry.
Subjects: Breweries—Design and construction ; Brewing—Economic aspects
Dan Eakin
Geology/ Geophysics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Laramie, WY
Abstract: Marine seismic reflection profiling uses reflections from a sound source and receivers towed behind a ship to image beneath the solid ocean floor. The method has been used for decades and is commonly used to help identify oil and gas reservoirs. Recently, it has been found that this technique can also produce images of the temperature and salinity structure within the ocean. Understanding the properties and mechanisms that create this structure may give important insight into larger scale oceanographic processes.
Over the past semester I have learnt seismic processing and applied that knowledge to a seismic line from a marine seismic reflection survey off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. There were several problems with these data that prevented me from correctly processing the data. This presentation will attempt to address these problems in more detail and also provide explanation and description of the actions taken to correct them. I will show the result of the reprocessing and identify three ocean fronts in the final image that vary in appearance, depth and angle depending on their position and the water masses either side of the front.
Subjects: Water masses—Antarctica—Measurement ; Seismic reflection method
ME 4070 Laramie, WY
Abstract: The kiln burner carriage at the Mountain Cement Company (MCC) in Laramie WY is a machine that is suspended from an overhead track, and is used to support and aim a coal burner pipe. The coal burner pipe weighs approximately six-thousand pounds and is cantilevered approximately sixteen feet. During scheduled plant downtime the carriage is required to translate along the overhead track in order to retract the burner pipe for maintenance. In September 2006 MCC consulted with Mr. Scott Morton and the University of Wyoming because the burner carriage on the K2 kiln line was causing scheduled plant downtime to become extended. Subsequent to this consultation James Eggleston and Cody McRady formed Gem City Engineering (GCE) and were selected to perform a re-design of the burner carriage as part of the two- semester senior design sequence. After a preliminary meeting with the MCC engineering staff GCE was able to analyze the problematic carriage system, and formulate a new carriage design. The new design included changes that allowed the carriage to move pass a large air duct, aiming system improvements, and a split axle and bearing system that would allow for easier operation. This presentation details the design, fabrication, and testing of the new burner carriage.
Subjects: Cement
kilns—Design and construction
Olivia Engkvist with Dr. Anne Alexander
Communications and Journalism/Modern and Classical Languages
University of Wyoming
Oral presentation
UW Honors Program Rawlins, WY
Abstract: This presentation and the supporting research paper will cover the process of establishing The Agape Fund, which is a charity affiliated with the Wyoming Community Foundation that invests money (obtained through personal donations and fundraising efforts) and gives the interest earned in the form of annual grants to Wyoming charities that help the poor.
The presentation will cover why I decided to start The Agape Fund, a brief description of the beginnings of philanthropy in America with Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and the process used in setting up The Agape Fund along with a description of alternative methods that could have been used to create it. It will also include reflections on whether The Agape Fund is the same now as what it was originally envisioned to be.
Subjects: Charities—Planning—Wyoming—Case studies
Chelsea Deborah Eyre with Dr. Debra Parkinson
Elementary & Early Childhood Education
University of Wyoming
Oral
Presentation
UW Honors Program Auburn, WY
Abstract: As I began preparing for student teaching, I decided to become involved in an inquiry project in order to assess and improve my teaching practices. The focus of my inquiry project centered on the question: How will second graders experience my teaching of a comprehensive humanities unit on maps, specifically focusing on legend, scale, and the compass rose?
After collaborating with my mentor teacher, I created a unit focused on the Wyoming State Standards and the objective: students will recognize key parts of a map, including a legend, a scale, and a compass. I created this unit in a college setting, before I was in the elementary classroom. What I found was my lessons were well intended, but not practical for use in the classroom. The information gained from my inquiry project helped me reflect and determine more effective ways to teach map concepts, as well as other subjects.
Throughout this paper, you will find reflections of: my teaching, how the students learned, and research on educational strategies. For each lesson taught, I will discuss the lesson plans I anticipated to teach, how the lesson was changed and actually taught, and my reflections of the lesson supported with theoretical evidence
Subjects: Map reading—Study and teaching (Elementary)—Wyoming—Evaluation
A Program for Computing Theoretical Light Curves of
Eclipsing
Binary Stars
Keisuke Fukutani with Dr. Henry Kobulnicky
Physics and Astronomy
University of Wyoming
Oral
Presentation
EPSCoR Nagoya, Japan
Abstract: In this research, very accurate mathematical expressions are derived and computational methods are used to compute the light curves of D-type (Detached) eclipsing binary systems with stellar limb-darkening taken into account. This computation is performed under the assumptions that both stars are spherical and perfect blackbodies so that brightening effects which arise from the reflection of the stellar radiation is neglected.
The product of this research is a computer code written in the IDL language which allows astronomers to compare simulated light curves at any wavelength to data for the purpose of determining the parameters of eclipsing systems (i.e., their orbital periods, stellar temperatures, stellar radii, stellar limb darkening, and eccentricities).
Subjects: Eclipsing binaries—Light curves—Computer programs
Kari Fuller and Julie Sandberg with Dr. Steven Barrett
Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral and Poster
Presentations
Abstract: The Run AnyWear is an interactive fitness system to be used by runners. The device will provide the user with their heart rate, speed, distance traveled, and time elapsed on a wrist device through the use of a USB microcontroller that processes information obtained by a photo-electric pulse plethysmograph and an accelerometer. After the processing is completed by the microcontroller, all of the data is displayed on a 4 digit 7-segment LED display to allow the user to monitor their performance during exercise. This device is intended to promote an improvement in physical fitness. Unlike current machine-specific fitness systems, the Run AnyWear is not dependent upon workout equipment, shoes, or other expensive items. The user will be able to use the device in any environment (indoors or outdoors). This project has also been designed to allow for an expansion that would store the exercise data and transfer it to a software program. The software program would create statistics and graphs to help users keep track of their fitness progress. Limited power, weight, and size were the biggest concerns in this design. Keeping these issues in mind, the device was designed using the smallest and most power efficient components available that adequately perform the required tasks.
Subjects: Running—Equipment and supplies ; Exercise—Physiological aspects
Improvement
of the
STAR Telescope
Bryan Gorges with Dr. Steve Barrett
Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors, Wyoming Space Grant Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: The improvement of the STAR telescope on top of Physical Sciences building will affect many undergraduate classes and research projects. The improvement is the dome following the telescope so that the telescope is always pointing into open sky. Previously the dome was controlled by large physical switches that were between 6-8 feet in the air. I provided a simple user interface that can be hand-held to adjust manually or set down to adjust automatically. This allows the user to stay at the telescope rather than having to move to the wall and back to adjust the dome.
Subjects: Large astronomical telescopes—Wyoming—Design and construction
Mikal Grant with Dr. Hakima Bessaih
Mathematics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Elk Mountain , WY
Abstract: The world around us is filled with random movements and fluctuations that can be modeled discretely. Explaining how and why a particular event happened is habitual and even routine for scientists. The question, though, of future behavior is a bigger challenge, and mathematicians have been answering the call to study predictive models for nearly two centuries.
A tool that many modelers use is a theory from physics that small particles suspended in fluid are in constant motion. Introduced Robert Brown in 1827, the model is given the name Brownian motion.
Briefly, a Brownian Motion is a sophisticated random number generator that is used in a wide variety of mathematical models in physics, chemistry, engineering, finance, and medical imagery.
The Biot-Savart model
uses a 3-dimensional Brownian motion to create a vector field that models vortices in three space. Some physical applications for this model include magnetic fields in electrical currents and tornado vortices.
This talk will focus on what the nature of Brownian Motion, using MATLAB to numerically simulate a Brownian Motion, and using a discretized Brownian motion in the Biot-Savart model to numerically simulate vector fields.
Subjects: Vortex-motion—Mathematical
models ; Brownian motion processes
Testing
the
diploid or haploid state of a prion protein pseudogene in white-tailed
deer (Odocoileus
virginianus) by
polymerase chain reaction
Heather Grimm with Dr. Jean Jewell
Veterinary Science
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program/ EPSCoR Dumont, CO
Abstract: We extracted genomic DNA from 68 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Wyoming and British Columbia and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the presence or absence of a prion protein pseudogene that we find in all mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) but in only 20-25 percent of the white-tail species. The normal prion protein becomes transformed into a disease-causing agent that is associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). Within mammalian genomes there have been nearly 20,000 pseudogenes identified, and although these gene copies have been characterized as more than just junk DNA because of their ability to regulate gene expression and generate genetic diversity, there has been no characterization of the deer prion protein pseudogene.
We propose that in white-tailed deer the pseudogene arose as a result of interspecies hybridizations with mule deer. If it is inherited in a Mendelian fashion, we expect it to be present in white-tails in both diploid and haploid states and undertook further PCR analyses to test this hypothesis. We found that the chromosomal insertion sequences are apparently the same in both species, but unexpectedly found these to be a highly repeated sequence present in multiple locations on all chromosomes.
Subjects: White-tailed deer—Genetics ; Prions
“The
Cultural
Significance of Writing in the Art of Faith Ringgold”
Elizabeth Carmel Hamilton with Pilar Flores
Art
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
McNair Scholars Program Willingboro, NJ
Abstract: Faith Ringgold is a contemporary multimedia artist whose work represents a reactive stance against stereotypes of African Americans perpetuated through past literature, specifically nineteenth century children’s literature. The purpose of the study is to identify the levels of cultural significance of writing in the art of Faith Ringgold. Faith Ringgold’s illustrated storybooks can be interpreted as individual art pieces because they are directly derived from her story quilts. The artistic and story book images were analyzed using historical formalist, cognitive, and expressionist theories, which examine artwork through visual and contextual veins. I examined various materials, including the narratives that accompany her story quilts, Ringgold’s children’s books, and examples of nineteenth century children’s literature.
The textual and narrative elements of Ringgold’s work add a dimension of cultural wealth, but are also culturally significant in their portrayal of the African American experience. This study demonstrates the means by which Ringgold’s oeuvre successfully amalgamates attributes from her African and American heritages into her artwork. Ringgold makes a major contribution to children’s literature with her text-infused art. The impact of this study is its acknowledgement that writing in the art of Faith Ringgold gives American children and families the opportunity to experience an informed and artistically rich view of one of the many cultures represented in the United States.
Subjects: Ringgold, Faith ; African-American women artists ; Picture books for children—United States ; Racism in literature
*Christian Themes in Artwork by African Americans as a Form of Social Reaction or Assimilation
Elizabeth Carmel Hamilton with Dr. Lisa Moore Hunt
Art
University of Wyoming
Poster Presentation
McNair Scholars Program Willingboro, N.J.
Abstract: Research on Christian themes in African American art will be identified and compared to established iconographic practices in earlier religious art, in part by using personal and professional documents and oral histories held at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art. Specifically, the project will address the work of 20th century African American artists, Jacob Lawrence (1917 – 2000), James Lesesne Wells (1902-1993), and William H. Johnson (1901-1970), whose most famous paintings depict narrative accounts of biblical subjects. Each artist witnessed the economically and socially based migration of southern blacks to northern, urban regions of America. The migration personally affected each artist, with Johnson working for a formative part of his career in Europe. By retelling biblical stories, the artists conveyed the complex emotions associated with African American life and culture. The artists’ reactions reflected different forms of visual dialogue, which conveyed both critical, social statements and acts of assimilation to their rapidly evolving social landscapes. By drawing upon biblical themes, Lawrence, Wells, and Johnson avoided a more overt, personal statement towards racial and economic tensions in America. By revealing the meanings behind the iconography’s usage, meaning can then be applied to the social contexts in which each artist lived.
Christopher Harnden with Lusha Tronstad (Zoology and Physiology) and Drs. Anne Sylvester, Joseph Stepans and James McClurg (EPSCoR/STEP)
Secondary Education
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR/STEP Worland, WY
Abstract: In the summer of 2006, I participated in the inaugural year of the Science Teacher Education Program (STEP). This program was designed to give pre-service science teachers the opportunity to be a part of and to understand fully the concept of research. Too often, teachers are put into a school setting to teach science without ever really being a part of any scientific research. This program focused its attention on allowing science teachers, going into their student teaching, the chance to gain hands-on research knowledge and then to share their experience with students in their high school classrooms.
Throughout the summer, I had the opportunity to work with PhD candidate Lusha Tronstadt. Her research focused on the decreasing number of Yellowstone Cutthroat trout and the effects it will have on Yellowstone Lake and its surrounding spawning streams. The number of Yellowstone Cutthroat trout in the lake has declined drastically since the illegal introduction of Lake trout about 30 years ago. In the late 1970s about 70,000 Yellowstone Cutthroat trout spawned in one tributary stream on the east side of Yellowstone Lake. Now less than 1,000 Cutthroat trout spawn in that same stream. This decrease of Cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake may also be playing a large role in the diminishing amount of nitrogen, a major fertilizer for countless varieties of plants and algae, in the tributary streams. Furthermore, the decrease in Cutthroat trout numbers may be having a negative effect on the over 42 other animal species who consume Cutthroat trout in the park. Lusha’s research is being used by managers inside Yellowstone National Park to make more informed decisions regarding these matters and to preserve this species.
Having the opportunity to work with Lusha and to see all aspects of her research, opened my eyes to the endless ways research can be brought into the classroom. I have found that through this experience, it is much easier to answer the question, “When are we ever going to use this?” My students will benefit greatly because of the different perspective, increased knowledge, and better understanding of the research method I now bring into my classroom.
Subjects: Science teachers—Training of—Wyoming ; Yellowstone cutthroat trout—Research
Katherine Harris with Dr. David Liberles
Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Simi Valley, CA
Abstract: Gene and genome sequences from many species at different degrees of relatedness are now readily available in public databases. Computational analysis has enabled analysis of this data by checking for different evolutionary properties in forming hypotheses on different types of selection in various genes. In this project, interacting positively selected sites in DNA were located by windowing methods and statistical analyses. This project’s results will add to the knowledge of selective pressures on different proteins throughout the Embryophytes and how they contribute to the evolution of proteins as well as to a general understanding of protein evolution and towards the development of better models and methods for understanding protein function from sequence. For example, the relative importance of genomic processes like selective sweeps and structural processes at the protein level on sequence evolution can be evaluated.
Subjects: Proteins—Evolution ; Plant gene expression ; Natural selection
A
Comparison of Metric Sexing Techniques
of the Cranium
Crystal Hart with Rick Weathermon
Anthropology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Boulder, CO
Abstract: The research to be addressed is a comparison of three sexing techniques based upon cranial measurements. The standard of non-metric sexing will be used to evaluate the accuracy of the metric tests. Non-metric sexing evaluation is currently more common in anthropological research. Holland’s measurements utilize measurements taken from the skull base, which are useful in forensic cases where the skull is damaged. The other two techniques were pioneered by Giles-Elliot and Uysal et. al. This study will show which method has the highest accuracy in determining the sex of human skeletal cranial remains. The study will also determine if ancestry affects the accuracy of the sexing techniques.
Subjects: Craniometry ; Skull—Sex differences; Human remains (Archaeology)—Sex determination
Karl Heimbuck with Dr. Andreas Stein
Mathematics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Guernsey, WY
Abstract: The first practical public-key encryption and signature scheme was introduced in 1978 by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. The security of RSA is based on the difficulty of factoring large integers. If a large integer n is not prime, it could be a product of two large primes. If this is the case, then factoring n is difficult, even for some computers. It is this difficulty of this factorization that provides some of the securities we enjoy every time we use a webpage or credit card.
Since the inception of RSA, numerous extensions have come out with hopes of making our digital world even more secure. The elliptic curve factorization method (ECM) is one way of factoring these large integers that we are using for security purposes. This research project focuses on pieces of ECM including Pollard’s p-1 factorization method (the basis for ECM), factorization of Fermat numbers, and the intriguing Cunningham and Mersenne projects. It also puts an emphasis on understanding how cryptology affects our world each day from online transactions to cellular phone usage.
Subjects: Public key cryptography—Mathematics ; Curves, Elliptic
College
Binge
Drinking
Christine Henschler, Jim Kyritsis,
Courtney Lipski, Jessica Ricks with Dr. Gary Hampe
Sociology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Laramie, WY
Abstract: This research is focused on why some college students all over the United States choose to binge drink and why some do not. There is one culture of students who do not partake in binge drinking and those who are active participants. It is necessary to explore various factors which influence college binge drinking. Those factors include student employment, gender, culture, and parental background. For example why is it that a student whose mother is a college graduate, but whose father is not, is more likely to binge drink than others? Another aspect to consider is gender, do males tend to binge drink more than females?
College binge drinking is an extremely important health and safety societal issue. Our presentation will identify various causes of binge drinking among college students. This research will use the General Social Survey of 2004. The data analyzed will assist in identifying programs and institutional changes to increase academic success.
Subjects: Binge drinking ; College students—Alcohol use—United States
Paul Hertz with Dr. Eric Moorhouse
Mathematics, Music
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Mathematics Department Nevada, IA
Abstract: Since the early twentieth century, composers of atonal classical music and jazz pianists, among others, have made use of all-interval tetrachords. These four-note chords, studied by music theorists since the 1960s, contain every possible musical interval. In this talk I give a new, original, definition of all-interval tetrachords, using mathematical objects known as almost difference sets. I will also play musical examples demonstrating the unique properties of all-interval tetrachords.
The cyclic group of order twelve, Z12, commonly visualized by the hours on a clock, effectively models musical pitch-class space, since there are twelve semitones per octave in Western classical and popular music. All-interval tetrachords are almost difference sets in Z12 with four elements. Cyclic groups with more than twelve elements also contain difference sets and almost difference sets, so it is possible to have all-interval chords in microtonal scales with more than twelve notes, which are constructed from smaller intervals than a semitone. The limited ability of the human ear to recognize very small intervals will also be discussed. This enables us to find an upper bound on the order of musically relevant groups.
Subjects: Musical intervals and scales—Mathematics ; Difference sets
Jamie Hexem with Dr. Bruce Culver
Pharmacy
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Evanston, WY
Abstract: Methamphetamine (MA; N-methyl-o-phenylisopropylamine) is a widely used drug. It is an addictive stimulant and neurotoxin that strongly activates and damages monoamine systems in the brain. Not only does MA have direct effects on neural cells, but vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) does as well. VEGF controls angiogenesis; one of the major mechanisms in which blood vessels form. Recent research suggests that this growth factor also has direct effect on neural cells. Abnormally low amounts VEGF expression has been implicated to cause severe neurodegenerative disorders. The neurological diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, Diabetic neuropathy, and stroke all have vascular defects.
Subjects: Methamphetamine—Physiological effect ; Methamphetamine—Toxicology
Lindsay Hueckstaedt with Dr. Jun Ren
Pharmacy
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program, EPSCoR Rock Springs, WY
Abstract: Heart disease among diabetics is the leading cause of death. Diabetes contributing to cardiovascular complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Accumulated myocardial damage, advanced glycation end- product (AGE) and death of cardiomyocytes may contribute to these complications. It is believed that accumulation of advanced glycation end-products may trigger enhanced protein damage through oxidative stress and up regulation of protease (which digests functional protein). AGEs are the result of sugar binding to proteins without the help of an enzyme. It is believed that damage of structural or functional proteins triggered by free radical damage results in cellular dysfunctions, and for this reason it is believed that a molecular mechanism is the cause of high glucose-induced cardiovascular damage. In this experiment streptozotocin (STZ), a pancreatic beta cell toxin, -induced diabetic mice will be used to evaluate the effect of an anti-apoptotic drug and a serine protease Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor, UCF-101, on diabetic cardiomyocyte function. This will be determined by looking at peak shortening (PS), maximal velocity of shortening/re-lengthening (±dL/dt), time-to-PS (TPS), and time-to-90% re-lengthening (TR90). From previous experiments it is known that these values are greatly altered in diabetic cardiomyocytes. These values are determined by shortening analysis of diabetic mice cardiomyocytes. The STZ myocytes will be compared to FVB myocytes are the control group.
Subjects: Diabetes—Complications—Treatment—Research ; Myocardium—Diseases—Treatment—Research
Low Income Single Mothers: Barriers to Success
Jessica L. Hunsaker with Dr. Paul DuongTran
Department of Social Work
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Afton, WY
Abstract: My research addresses structural barriers as perceived by the low-income single mother. There has been substantial research on barriers that impede single mothers’ success; however, my research considers the perspective of the single mother, not the perspective of the policy-maker. The research addresses the prevalence of and amount of personal control the single mother has over certain social, economic and political barriers.
The population of single headed households, low-income single mothers in particular, has increased dramatically over the years. It is financially strenuous as well emotionally overbearing to single-handedly raise a family. There are many structural barriers that hinder a single mother from achieving self-sufficiency. Despite the multitude of programs and policies that exist to encourage and promote self-sufficiency, low-income single mothers in the United States fall behind. Welfare rolls have decreased, but poverty rates have increased.
As policy makers it is important to view social issues through the lens of the person experiencing the problem. My research attempts to broach the subject with cultural competence and consideration of person and environment interaction.
Subjects: Low-income single mothers—Wyoming—Attitudes ; Low-income single mothers—Wyoming—Economic conditions—Public opinion ; Public opinion—Wyoming
Modeling
of
Composite Material Compression Tests
Doug Kenik with Dr. Mark Garnich
Mechanical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Buffalo, WY
Abstract: The compressive strength of composite materials was investigated to compare to the World Wide Failure Exercise II (WWFEII). In the WWFE several different composite materials are to be modeled to make blind predictions of failure for various loading states and material configurations. The strengths of composite materials are very hard to predict and are thus the subject of a lot of research. Recently a new method of modeling composite materials at the constituent level has arose at the University of Wyoming and has been given the name Multi-Continuum Theory (MCT). One limitation of MCT is that it cannot inherently predict compressive strengths when failure is governed by buckling of the structure prior to actual material failure. The current research was based around predicting realistic compressive strengths of composite materials when buckling may be a factor. The numerical models are generated using the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The models include nonlinear matrix behavior and buckling situations that can arise from geometric instabilities in thin walled cylinders. If successful this project will enhance current capabilities at the University of Wyoming for effectively and accurately predicting the compressive strengths of the composites.
Subjects: Composite materials—Compression testing ; Buckling (Mechanics)—Computer simulation
Pablo Kollmar with Dr. Robert Corcoran
Chemistry
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Iowa City, IA
Abstract: In recent years West Nile Virus has become prevalent across the United States, accounting for several deaths, and countless illnesses. The current methods for West Nile Virus detection are not suitable for field use, being too slow or inaccurate, and the instrumentation required too bulky or heavy for practical use. In the past few months I have been working on an approach to this dilemma which would allow West Nile Virus to be detected quickly and easily in the field, facilitating the tracking, and hopefully alleviating the spread of the disease.
The method I have been investigating involves synthesizing probes that will bind to part of the West Nile Virus RNA. One class of probes contains dyes, while another has groups with affinity for silver surfaces. When both classes of probes bind to the WNV RNA and the complex is combined with silver, a phenomenon known as SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) will occur, allowing the virus to be detected with a portable Raman spectrometer. The resulting assay promises to increase the speed and efficiency in detecting this deadly virus.
Subjects: West Nile virus—Detection ; Raman effect, Surface enhanced ; Immunoassay
EPSCoR Science Teacher Education Program (STEP) Pre-Service Chemistry Teacher
Heather Malody with Sherry Adrianos (Molecular Biology) and Drs. Anne Sylvester, Joseph Stepans, and James McClurg (EPSCoR/STEP)
Department of Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR/STEP Casper, WY
Abstract: Laboratory experience is integral to any successful science curriculum. However, many science educators at the secondary level have not participated in genuine scientific research or worked full-time in a laboratory setting. Through the Science Teacher Education Program (STEP), I was able to gain relevant lab experience before my semester of student teaching.
I was paired with a doctoral student, Sherry Adrianos, who works with Dr. Lewis on spider silk research. The research happening in this lab involves designing and constructing synthetic silk proteins that mimic the mechanical properties found in natural spider silk. Although much of the material was very new to me, the time I spent in the lab was enjoyable and fascinating. I learned a great deal about biochemistry and even more about everyday life in a research laboratory.
After a semester of spending time in the most chaotic laboratory of all – the high school chemistry classroom – I truly appreciate the knowledge I gained during my internship. I have found myself referencing my experiences and grabbing students’ attention with tales of giant spiders and cloning.
Subjects: Chemistry teachers—Training of —Wyoming ; Wyoming EPSCoR
Identification of Thermophilic Bacteria and Characterization of their Habitat:
Big
Horn Springs, Thermopolis, Wyoming
Sage McCann with Suzanne M Smaglik and Steven J McAllister
Department of Math & Science
Central Wyoming College
Oral and Poster
Presentations
INBRE, NASA/WSGC Riverton, WY
Abstract: The water in Big Horn Hot Springs, located in Hot Springs State Park, is slightly acidic with an average pH of 5.873 – 6.238, and a temperature range from 53.5OC at the source to 50.8OC at the first cooling pond. The main spring and its effluence support a large number of pigmented bacteria; the green growth covering the rocks within the main spring is actually only very thin, beneath is a thicker layer of deep red colored growth – a pattern typical of Cyanobacteria and Non-Sulfur Green bacteria, possibly a thin layer of Synechococcus covering a layer of Chloroflexus.
Discrete communities along the stream bank vary in surface color, and seem to follow temperature and pH gradients. The stream itself is characterized by filamentous streamers attached to the bed, varying in color from green in the slow and deeper parts of the stream, to white in the fast and shallow areas. Microscopic analysis resulted in a mix of mostly gram-negative filaments, rods and capsules. Twitching motility was also observed. Specific identification is pending 16sRNA analysis. Identification of bacteria types at this location and characterizing their habitat will contribute to the currently limited knowledge of life on early Earth.
Subjects: Microbial ecology—Wyoming—Hot Springs State Park ; Thermophilic bacteria
Philip Meister with Dr. Bryan Shader
Mathematics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Cody, WY
Abstract: CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers Apart from Humans) are geometrically distorted, noised and stretched text images. They prove to be sufficiently difficult for algorithmic attacks by computer systems because of their complicated properties. Gimpy is a CAPTCHA that has yet to be fully defeated.
The aim of this research is to provide a mathematical analysis of and efficient algorithms to defeat the Gimpy CAPTCHA under certain restrictive hypotheses.
The first algorithm utilizes the SVD of the word pair coupled with Maximum cuts between letters to eventually spell out a top or bottom word from each word pair. This algorithm is probabilistically tested. The second algorithm employs Morphological Erosion by a test letter, correlative potential testing of that letter and eventual spelling out of a word in the word pair. This algorithm was ran against 608 test cases.
Both algorithms have high success rates but fail in different and unique ways: morphology excels at location but with a sufficient number of quirks to make it of little value in in CAPTCHA breaking. Similarly, SVD has a very high potential but ultimately loses out due to its extremely minor role in the inherent complexity of CAPTCHAs.
Subjects: Web sites—Security measures ; World Wide Web—Security measures
Tracking The Elusive Sauropods and Pterosaurs
At
Seminoe
Reservoir in South-Central Wyoming
Vicki Meyers with Brent Breithaupt
Geology and Geophysics Department
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR and UW Honors Program Powell, WY
Abstract: The recent discovery of sauropod dinosaur tracks in the Morrison Formation and pterosaur tracks in the Sundance Formation near Seminoe Reservoir in Carbon County, Wyoming is important to the understanding of ancient terrestrial vertebrate faunas. The study’s objectives are to document and analyze the ~70 pterosaur and ~30 sauropod tracks to determine the number of individual trackmakers and type of locomotion. Documentation at this site includes detailed ground measurements, mapping, photography (including photogrammetry), and graph/mylar sketches. Ground measurements of pterosaurs include length, width and depth of the pes (foot) and manus (hand) tracks. Trackway measurements of pace, stride, width, and track angulation have also been recorded. Mapping and sketches provide detailed records of individual tracks and trackways. Photography is used to record location and distribution of tracks, and allow for off-site study. Photogrammetry will provide three-dimensional images, digital terrain models and contour maps of the individual tracks. Research documentation will provide a permanent record of these fragile tracks. Valuable information for the understanding of sauropod ichnotraces and terrestrial quadrupedal movement in pterosaurs will be attained. The track documentation provides a window of time to geologic and paleontologic understanding of the late Jurassic world in Wyoming.
Subjects: Dinosaur tracks—Wyoming—Seminoe Reservoir ; Pterosauria
Wood
Texturing Machinery
JED Engineering:Daniel Milligan, Jason Lipka, and Eric Penner with Mr. Scott Morton
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral and Poster Presentation
Abstract: The fall 2006 ME 4070 Systems Design II class did not complete the fabrication and testing of Wood Texturing Machinery (WTM) for RBM Lumber of Columbia Falls, Montana. The WTM conveys lumber through a media blasting cabinet where the softer material is removed from the wood to provide a textured or “aged” appearance. The spent blasting media is vacuumed from the cabinet and then recycled into a media supply bin. JED Engineering took over the WTM project in the spring 2007 to develop a functional system. Minor mechanical additions were added to the WTM including a guide fence to ease feeding of material into the blasting cabinet, a door that automatically raised and lowered to accommodate the thickness of the wood to reduce abrasive loss from the blasting cabinet, and multiple guards to protect users from the various moving parts of the WTM. Additionally, the control system was updated and installed. This included mounting various sensors, laying out and fabricating a control box, and redesigning the control logic to correctly operate the WTM. The WTM is being completed and tested at the University of Wyoming Engineering College. The testing performed included verifying the logic and sensors worked correctly.
Subjects: Woodworking
machinery—Design and construction ; Wood—Texture
Jessica Mills with Dr. Duncan Harris
Kinesiology and Health Promotion
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: Research to be addressed is the comparison and contrasting of the physical therapy industry from a global perspective. As the field of physical therapy in America continues to grow and expand within health care, the industry is becoming more a more technologically advanced and specialized practice.
While physical therapy has existed in Asia and parts of Eastern Europe for centuries, it is the United States that has developed it into a demanding medical discipline. Now, in the United States the physical therapy department in any clinical or hospital setting is heavily influenced by the technological advancements of expensive modalities involving electrical stimulation, laser treatments and ultrasound wave technology. But, nations in Europe and Asia seem to be lagging severely, and continuing to practice the original basic concepts behind physical therapy.
This paper will attempt to examine and discern the reasons for deviations in physical therapy by taking a global perspective and looking at the patient benefits for each form of practice.
Subjects: Physical therapy ; Acupuncture—Therapeutic use—Evaluation ; Phototherapy—Evaluation ; Magnetotherapy—Evaluation
Recombinant
astacin of the crayfish Procambarus
clarkii
Alisa Mori with Dr. Pamela Langer
Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
NSF-EPSCoR Kemmerer, WY
Abstract: The recent discovery of a spider silk-degrading enzyme, spidracin, is the key to understanding the manner in which certain orb-weaving spiders are able to recycle their silk. The spidracin protease is significant because it digests solid major ampullate silk fibers (e.g. dragline silk fibers) that are resistant to degradation by many commercially available proteases. Astacin, a crayfish digestive enzyme, is related to the spider spidracins but does not exhibit the same silk-degrading properties. Therefore, we hypothesize that there are domains in the spidracins that contribute to the silk-degrading activity of the spider enzyme that are functionally different in the crayfish enzyme.
In order to produce and test the silkase activity of an astacin recombinant protein, it was first necessary to isolate the astacin gene of the Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) and to place it into a bacterial expression system. Using RT-PCR and 5’ RACE we were able to isolate DNA fragments and determine the sequence of the astacin gene. The recombinant astacin gene was cloned into a high copy number vector followed by cloning into an expression vector. Subsequently, testing of this recombinant astacin in an in vitro silk degradation assay indicated that the recombinant astacin was unable to degrade major ampullate silk fibers.
Subjects: Astacins—Analysis ; Genetics—Techniques ; Gene expression ; Silk—Biodegradation
Daniel L Mullendore with Dr. Steve Herbert and Wendy Cecil
Botany Department
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Jackson Hole , WY
Abstract: In agricultural areas non-target plants may suffer from improper herbicide application, resulting in lost productivity and income. There is currently no objective, quantitative method for detection of low-level herbicide exposure in plants. Our study examined whether low-level herbicide exposure was detectable in Helianthus annuus (sunflower) using light reflectance measurements, assays of photosynthesis and soluble amino acid profiles of sunflower leaves to which the herbicide glyphosate had been applied. Leaf samples were analyzed for maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) using chlorophyll fluorescence. The loss of chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments was objectively quantified using leaf reflectance spectra. Soluble amino acid profiles were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. We found chlorophyll fluorescence to be a poor indicator of herbicide exposure. In contrast, reflectance proved to be a useful tool for quantifying plant sickness due to herbicide exposure. Further study will allow us to “fingerprint” herbicide drift and contribute to the development of herbicide application methods that limit drift.
Subjects: Sunflowers—Herbicide injuries ; Sunflowers—Effect of glyphosate on ; Glyphosate—Environmental aspects
Kilee Narva with Dr. Tami Benham-Deal
Kinesiology and Health
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: The purpose of this research project was to examine parental influences on children’s physical activity. Specifically I examined the relationship between parents’ and children’s physical activity levels as well as the relationship between children’s physical activity levels and the presence of a television in their room and/or the amount of television viewed per day. The participants of this study were parents and children who had previously participated in a mixed longitudinal study on children’s physical activity levels. Approximately 130 people participated in this study. To access their physical activity level each participant completed a questionnaire about physical activity and wore a pedometer for four consecutive days. Data collection is in its final week and analysis will be forthcoming.
Subjects: Exercise for children ; Parent and child ; Television—Health aspects ; Television and children
The
effect of
speech effort on velopharyngeal timing
Laura A. Nickerson with Dr. David L. Jones
Division of Communication Disorders
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Casper, WY
Abstract: Approximately 28% of individuals with repaired cleft palates will experience mild, persistent nasality that is perceivable. These individuals are referred to as having velopharyngeal dysfunction. For some of these individuals, a non-surgical clinical approach to this problem is to teach these individuals to use more effort during speech, which is thought to help improve velopharyngeal function. There is little evidence through research proving its effectiveness. Additionally, researchers who have studied other non-surgical approaches to improving velopharyngeal function that involve manipulating speech parameters (e.g., speech rate) have found little support for the techniques from their results.
This project focuses on the effect of speech effort on velopharyngeal timing in the typical population. The examination of intraoral pressure and nasal airflow during speech will allow for the calculation of the amount of time it takes for the velopharnygeal port to close. Data samples from varied levels of speech effort will determine the effect of speech effort on velopharnygeal timing. The goal of the research is to provide evidence for a non-surgical approach to improving velopharyngeal functioning in the cleft palate population. Clinically, the results may help develop research-based therapy for this population.
Subjects: Velopharyngeal insufficiency—Treatment—Testing ; Speech—Physiological aspects
East
Flank of the Laramie Range
Phillip Nickerson with Dr. Erin Campbell-Stone
Department of Geology and Geophysics
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program, EPSCoR Big Horn, WY
Abstract: The Laramide Orogeny is a mountain–building event that occurred in the Rocky Mountain region 40-80 million years ago. Faults and folds developed in the Earth’s crust during this time period as a result of northeast-southwest-oriented tectonic compression, which caused the uplift of elongate mountain ranges trending northwest-southeast. The mechanisms by which great mountain ranges were uplifted during the Laramide Orogeny have long been a topic of debate throughout the geologic community and historically within the University of Wyoming.
This project examines the processes which created the Laramie Range of southeastern Wyoming through study of a geologically complex area which extends ten-miles along the east flank of the Laramie Range near the town of Horse Creek. This research compares previous data and interpretations to current observations and modern Laramide deformation models. New findings include the identification of fault propagation folds in the southern portion of the field area, and documentation of duplex folding in the northern area. Finally, a new geologic map and cross sections of the study area are presented which correspond with current Laramide models of deformation.
Subjects: Orogeny—Wyoming—Laramie County ; Geology, Structural—Wyoming—Laramie County
Leif Oscar Paulson with Dr. David T. Anderson
Department of Chemistry
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Rawlins, WY
Abstract: Per-deuterated N-methyl acetamide (NMA-d7) and acetic acid were submitted to high resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) via a solid hydrogen matrix at liquid helium temperatures. FTIR was used to assign peaks due to molecular vibrations of the molecules. The Amide I Region of NMA-d7 and acetic acid along with the Amide A region of NMA-d7 were the primary vibrations studied. The original purpose of this work was to detect both the cis and trans isomers of these molecules. NMA-d7 has the peptide bond, which binds amino acids to form proteins. Through this study, it may be possible to have a better understanding of protein folding.
Subjects: Acetamide—Molecular rotation ; Acetamide—Analysis ; Isomerism
The
Relationship
of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor to Behavior in an Animal Model of
Depression
Chris Peryam with Dr. Bruce Culver
Pharmacy
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Casper, WY
Abstract: Despite the fact that many treatments for depression exist, the exact mechanism of this disease remains undefined. The monoamine hypothesis, relating the cause of depression to imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin, is perhaps the most common and well examined. However, the intracellular pathways regulating neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration in the etiology of mood disorders have also been implicated, including the role brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A more comprehensive understanding of the etiologic factors of depression should allow for better and more innovative drug therapies.
The reason for this research is to attempt to elucidate the relationship of behavior to hippocampal BDNF levels in three strains of rats, including the Wistar-Kyoto, a proposed animal model of depression. Rats are currently being evaluated in several behavioral tests to assess depressive behavior, memory function, and spatial reasoning. BDNF levels from the hippocampus of the rats will then be quantified. Of special interest will be if a correlation exists between BDNF levels and behavioral differences.
The results of this study should help to establish the appropriateness of the Wistar-Kyoto rat as a model for BDNF-oriented depression research. Finding a strong correlation between depressive behavior and BDNF levels would also strengthen the apparent role of this substance in depression.
Subjects: Depression, Mental—Etiology ; Depression, Mental—Animal models—Research ; Neurotrophic functions
Go
to the Game? A Students’ Decision
David Primus with Dr. Stacey Baker
Management and Marketing
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to address the factors involved in how a student decides whether or not to attend University of Wyoming athletic sporting events. Focus is specifically placed upon student attendance at football and men’s basketball games with some discussion regarding women’s basketball, volleyball and soccer.
As a smaller Division 1 school, University of Wyoming athletic squads rely more heavily on student turnout in relation to overall attendance than their peer institutions. Attendance is the driving factor for revenue generating activities and costs associated with athletic events including concessions, advertising and security. School spirit is often measured based on student crowd at these events.
Included in this research will be an understanding of how students obtain information about upcoming games and how that affects their decision making behavior. In addition, promotions and other factors that make a significant difference in student attendance will be discussed. Finally, this paper will also include attendance data from previous years and a discussion of influencing situational factors on that attendance.
Subjects: Sports spectators—Wyoming—Laramie—Attitudes ; University of Wyoming—Sports ; Sports—Public relations—Wyoming—Laramie
Justin Purcell and Jay Gulseth
Computer Science
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Computer Science Senior Design Laramie, WY
Abstract: The Washakie Information Desk Employee Scheduler (WIDES) system allows employees of the Washakie Desk, which is adjacent to the Residence Life and Dining administrative offices in the Washakie Center, to view their schedules, view other employees' schedules, and look up substitutes and when they have open hours to work from any computer at any time. WIDES will also provide contact information for all regular employees, substitutes, and administration. The general log will be available on-line as well, enabling administration to view the log from their desk computers instead of from a binder. This program will also create a new schedule for the next term based on a weighting system that carefully looks at all aspects in building a working schedule (such as user preferences, seniority, etc.). The Washakie Information Desk Employee Schedule will benefit the employees as well as the administration in creating data integrity as well as ease of storage, access, and use.
Subjects: Personnel management—Computer programs ; Hours of labor—Computer programs
Leah Quealy, Gavin Lawlis and John Chase
Department of Biology
Casper College
Oral Presentation
INBRE Casper, WY
Abstract: The emergence of bacterial pathogens is dependent on the acquisition of virulence determinants through horizontal gene transfer within microbial communities. These mobile genetic elements, called pathogenicity islands (PAI), are comprised of genes encoding many virulence factors including bacterial toxins, antibiotic resistance and expression regulators. Horizontal transfer of PAI can be accomplished by natural transformation of mobile elements (such as plasmids) or by bacteriophage transduction. Pathogen specific or non-pathogen specific PAI can be transferred between virulent species as well as between benign organisms, resulting in the emergence of relatively new, uncharacterized pathogenic bacterial strains.
Bacteriophage encoded virulence determinants are known to enhance the pathogenesis of many bacterial isolates from clinical samples. However, little is known about those phage encoded PAI located within environmental microbial communities. The parameters defining the acquisition of bacteriophage encoded PAI within environmental microbial communities have not been well documented, due in part to the technical difficulties encountered in the purification of bacteriophage nucleic acids from environmental samples.
Through the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this limitation can be overcome. In this study, we present a bidirectional metagenomic approach utilizing PCR to elucidate the extent and distribution of bacteriophage encoded PAI within aquatic systems of Wyoming.
Subjects: Bacteriophages—Wyoming—Analysis ; Pathogenic microorganisms—Wyoming ; Virulence (Microbiology)—Testing ; Freshwater microbiology—Wyoming
Tyler Quest with Dr. Stephen Paul Ford
Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program, Paul Stock Foundation Casper, WY
Abstract: Increasing uterine and associated placental vascular development (angiogenesis) and blood flow are requirements for the delivery of nutrients and oxygen supporting fetal growth. In the sheep, the individual maternal:placental units where nutrients, oxygen and waste products are exchanged between mother and fetus are called placentomes. Placentomal tissues were harvested on day 78 of gestation from severely obese ewes, in conjunction with a study performed by the Center for the Study of Fetal Programming. We examined placentomal vascularity utilizing image analysis software. In addition, the location and relative quantities of selected angiogenic factors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We hypothesize that severe maternal obesity increased angiogenic factor expression and thus placentomal vascularity, as evidenced by the 25% increase in fetal weight observed on day 78 of gestation in obese versus control ewes. Previous studies have shown that increasing numbers of women in the U.S. are severely overweight during gestation, and this maternal obesity is associated with an increased incidence of health problems experienced by their offspring, including obesity, Type II diabetes, and hypertension to name a few.
Subjects: Obesity—Animal
models ; Fetus—Development—Research ; Maternal-fetal exchange ;
Vascular
endothelial growth factors
Bryon Riotto with Dr. Jonathan Naughton
Mechanical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Wilson, WY
Abstract: The growth rate of a swirling jet has been investigated using flow visualization techniques. The purpose of this research was to help characterize the University of Wyoming’s swirling jet facility. The investigation was carried out in three phases. First, the optimal experiment was designed and conducted over a wide range of axial velocities and injection pressures. Second, a MATLAB program was written and used to process the data and calculate the growth rate. Third, the results were combined with exit velocity profile data to correlate them with the jet swirl number. It was determined that flow visualization can be used to accurately determine the growth rate of a swirling jet. However, great care must be taken in doing so, as only a slight amount of data contamination can greatly affect the results. It was also determined that the growth rate increases linearly with injection pressure until swirl saturation is reached.
Subject: Jets—Fluid dynamics—Research ; Flow visualization
LeAnn Schumann with Dr. Gracie Lawson-Borders and Professor Henry Hix
Criminal Justice
Oral Presentation
UW Honors
Program
The institution of slavery produced many devastating effects for African American men, women, and children. Although the occurrence of slavery is discussed in many history classes, the truly horrid treatment that slaves received is not addressed nor discussed. Through this story in the life of a slave woman, the reader will understand just a few of the horrid events that were witnessed by many slave women. The story addresses issues such as slave rape, the destruction of families, and the treatment of slaves as property rather than human beings.
Since this story is fiction, many of the incidents within the diary are created but are based on facts gathered from historical data as well as other actual slave diaries written by slaves before and after slavery. This story provides insight to the reader on the actual destructive affects this institution had on slaves and their families. By the end of the story, readers should have a deeper appreciation for the slaves who aided in the construction of this country.
Subjects:
Plantations—
Leah Selby with Dr. Qian Quan Sun
Dept. of Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: This study focused on the cytoarchitectonic and morphological differences in GABA-releasing interneurons between adult Fmr1 knock-out (FMR1KO) and wild-type (WT) mice in the somatosensory cortex. Our results showed a robust reorganization of neocortical, but not hippocampal inhibitory circuits in the FMR1KO mouse.
The reorganization is characterized by a significant reduction (20%, p <0.001) in the densities of parvalbumin (PV)-positive, but not calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR)-positive interneurons. A significant enlargement of soma size and an altered lamina distribution of PV but not CR and CB cells was also observed. Additionally, there was a modest but significant increase in TrkB-immunoreactivity in PV-positive cells in the FMR1KO mouse.
These results provide the first report showing significant alterations of GABA-releasing interneurons in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Uncovering the changes in specific GABAergic inhibitory circuits could help understand mechanisms underlying the behavior deficits of fragile X syndrome and autism.
Subjects:
Fragile X syndrome—Research ; Interneurons—Cytology
Drew Severn with Meghan Taylor (Botany), Anne Sylvester,
Joseph Stepans and James McClurg (EPSCoR/STEP)
Secondary Education
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR/STEP Laramie, WY
Abstract: In the summer of 2006 I was paired with a graduate student with a B.S. in Resource Ecology Management from the University of Michigan and a Master’s in progress in Botany at the University of Wyoming. Meghan Taylor’s research emphasis focuses on stable isotopes and climate. Currently her research topic deals with developing a paleoclimate record by gaining information from bogs. To go even further, Meghan is looking at the Sphagnum moss that grows in bogs and is using oxygen isotopes from purified Sphagnum moss cellulose. By doing this Meghan Taylor is looking for hydrologic and climatic similarities and differences. I assisted Meghan by weighing, drying, and preparing Sphagnum moss samples for the soxlet. I also kept record of where the Sphagnum moss samples came from (mainly from Michigan) and the latitudes as well.
The opportunity of being an actual scientist, using complex laboratory materials was by far an experience of a lifetime. In science education you get to scratch the surface of research and labs, but never really get a grasp of what it takes to research an actual topic. In this program they do just that for you. The chance to be an actual “Scientist” with a real life science based question.
Subjects: Paleoclimatology—Michigan ; Peat mosses—Michigan ; Stable isotopes in ecological research—Michigan ; Wyoming EPSCoR ; Science teachers—Training of—Wyoming
Nepal,
Everest and High Altitude Illness: High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Prevention Trial
Thomas Shandley with Dr. Virginia Conley
Nursing
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Bellvue, CO
Abstract: The effects of altitude on the human body can range from unobservable to death. People frequently experience unaccustomed altitudes during recreation and also while relocating to, or traveling through high altitude communities such as Laramie.
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life threatening condition that can develop in people subject to large elevations gains without sufficient time for acclimatization. This condition is fatal and often has no warning signs before onset.
Diamox (acetazolamide) is a relatively safe and cheap medication that may prevent HAPE. Diamox is currently used in the treatment of related altitude sicknesses and has shown possible efficacy in animal and small size human studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Diamox in the prevention of HAPE with a large scale human study, and record the incidences of high altitude related illnesses in the studied population.
Subjects:
Pulmonary
edema—Prevention ; Altitude, Influence of ; Acetazolamide
Paraconsistent
Logic in Communication
Spencer Sharpe with Dr. James Caldwell
Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: Semantical systems of logic have developed largely from attempts to give a theory of truth. Alfred Tarski observed that the “general problem of defining truth proves to be closely related to the more general problem of setting up the foundations of semantics.” In the course of their development, these logics often led logicians and philosophers to confrontations with paradoxes, e.g. Charles Parson’s The Liar Paradox. To explain some of the paradoxes, Saul Kripke provided a semantical system which, through the use of truth gaps, allowed a set-theoretic language to contain its own truth predicate.
Kripke’s semantical system, influenced by the semantical systems of Tarski, Kleene, and others, was a breakthrough for intuitionistic logic and constructive mathematics. As of yet, however, little literature exists to demonstrate the remarkable application of Kripke Semantics to formal theories of communication. This presentation will be of one possible application.
In 1969, H. P. Grice engineered a very influential theory of meaning in communication. Grice’s theory, set between an utterer and an audience, is based on the intentions of the utterer and the recognitions of the audience. I will show that the formalism in Grice may be translated into a Kripkean style semantics. The semantics used to translate Grice allows both a formula and its negation to be true; that is, it is a paraconsistent semantical logic.
Subjects: Meaning (Philosophy) ; Formalization (Philosophy) ; Modality (Logic) ; Semantics ; Grice, H. P. (H. Paul) ; Kripke, Saul A., 1940-
Application
of
Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering of Ligaments
Christina Skinner with Dr. Patrick Johnson
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral and Poster
Presentations
EPSCoR Cody, WY
Abstract: In the year 2002, over 200,000 Americans required reconstructive surgery of ligaments. The incident of tissue failures and repairs is already high, and this number will only increase with increased life span and improved quality of life. This high number of ligament failures and lack of adequate replacement options have prompted the need to explore alternative methods for tissue repair and replacement. Tissue engineering is emerging as a significant clinical option to address tissue and organ failure by implanting biological substitutes for the affected tissues. It is only recently that studies have prompted researchers to look into the possibility of using spider silk as the basis material for tissue engineering.
Spider silk has many unique mechanical properties such as energy absorbance, elongation, and tensile strength. It is also highly clinically compatible with a list of given relevant requirements such as minimal patient morbidity and immediate ligament stabilization, deeming it potentially successful for implementation. It is hypothesized that with further testing and data analysis, spider silk could potentially be used in tissue engineering applications. This further testing of the biocompatibility of spider silk is the focus of this research project.
Subjects: Spider webs—Biocompatibility ; Tissue engineering
Effect of Chronic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist
Administration
on
the Mammalian Pituitary Gland
Arik Smith with Dr. Donal Skinner
Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Casper, WY
Abstract: Reproductive management is required to maintain healthy captive animal populations. Previous drugs, however, designed to control reproduction have demonstrated problems in efficacy, ease of use, and cost effectiveness. In contrast, development of a new agent deslorelin, abbreviated DESL, has been promising. When administered in a pulsatile fashion, DESL causes the pituitary gland to release hormones that stimulate testes and ovaries; daily administration inhibits reproductive function.
Although advances in the use of DESL for control of reproduction are evident, post-treatment infertility in some animals treated with DESL warrants more research. We are examining at the cellular level why infertility occurs in certain animals treated with DESL.
Subjects: Luteinizing hormone
releasing hormone—Agonists ; Mammals—Reproduction ; Mammals—Infertility
Phylogenetic Relationships of Eimeria
species (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) from sciurid rodents using nuclear
18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rDNA
Sequences
Arik Smith with Clint Oliver
Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming/Casper College Center
Oral Presentation
INBRE Casper, WY
Abstract: The genus Eimeria is composed of parasitic protists that infect all vertebrates, at times causing pathology such as intestinal diseases in cattle and poultry. Identification of Eimeria species is largely based on oocyst morphology, host specificity, and host geographic location. However, oocyst morphology is subject to interspecific overlap and intraspecific variation, and each Eimeria species varies in its degree of host specificity. In addition, a limited number of characters are available for working out phylogenetic relationships. For these reasons, DNA sequence data are being used for species-level phylogenetic resolution of the Eimeria. We obtained 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rDNA sequences from 3 putative Eimeria species parasitizing 5 species of sciurid rodents from various geographic locations: Eimeria Lancasterensis from eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and Delmarva fox squirrels (Sciurus niger cinereus); E. vilasi from Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) and Wyoming ground squirrels (Spermophilus elegans); and E. pseudospermophili from Wyoming ground squirrels and yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). Isolates of E. lancasterensis, E. vilasi, and E. pseudospermophili were distinguished as monophyletic lineages under maximum parsimony and distance analyses.
Subjects: Eimeria—Phylogeny ; Nucleotide sequence ; Sciuridae—Parasites
Caleb Speiser with Dr. Steve Barrett
Electrical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
ECE Senior Design Laramie, WY
Abstract: Imagine seeing something in the wild that is a once in a lifetime sighting, or observing a target that is critical to your team’s mission. Now imagine not being able to communicate that to your friend who is out of whispering distance. This project involves developing a way to share visual information by giving your far off friends the ability to see exactly what you are looking at.
A pair of range finding binoculars act as the sighting devices, one unit as the master and the other as the slave. The operator of the master locates and “shoots” a target with the binoculars. The range is given by a laser rangefinder, the direction and pitch by a compass and tilt meter, and the coordinates of the binoculars by a global positioning system. Using this information, coordinates of the target are calculated by a microprocessor and transmitted to the slave unit using a radio frequency transceiver. The slave unit is equipped with the same equipment, allowing it to calculate direction pitch and distance to the target using coordinates of the target and itself. Then the slave can help the operator locate the target by outputting information to some visual indicators.
Subjects:
Optical
instruments—Design and construction ; Optical data processing ; Target
acquisition
Power
Nail Puller Attachment for a Hammer
Drill
Alex Melka, James Nelson, and Justin Walsh with Dr. Dennis Coon
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral and Poster Presentations
ME Senior Design Laramie, WY
Abstract: Frontier Barnwood salvages weathered wood and currently pulls nails by hand. To improve the efficiency of their business, Frontier Barnwood conceived of a power nail puller and contracted with Simple Solutions Engineering (SSE) in August of 2006 to design and fabricate such a device. Frontier Barnwood was contacted in September of 2006 to provided specifications for the design. The power nail puller needs to have the capability to pull a variety of nails ranging in size from 6d to 60d in under 15 seconds with a maximum extracting force of 1000 lbf. It is also necessary that the nail puller causes minimal damage to the wood and weigh no more then 10 pounds.
The SSE design is a nail puller attachment for a standard hammer drill and is composed of three main components. The main components are a power screw, clamping teeth assembly, and a structural support frame. The power nail puller attachment was fabricated using the University of Wyoming College of Engineering Machine Shop. The attachment was also compliance tested at the University of Wyoming. The nail puller is to be delivered to Frontier Barnwood during the first week of May, 2007.
Subjects: Salvage (Waste, etc.)—Equipment and supplies—Design and construction
Fire
Department
Headquarters and Main Fire Station
Derek Stonebraker with Duncan Kline
Civil & Architectural Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: The structural design will be developed from the architectural drawings of a recently designed project. The project is a new 40,000 square-foot fire department headquarters building and main fire station located in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The administration area is a two-story structure with basement and contains living and working areas for fire department personnel. The emergency vehicles are parked in the single story apparatus bay which is adjacent to the administration area.
The goals of this project were to develop a detailed design of the building’s structural systems by incorporating elements of previous coursework, to experience the structural design process, and to gain an understanding of structural building systems and their relationship with the architectural and mechanical building systems. The mechanical systems were coordinated with a student mechanical engineering team.
The final design of the vertical and lateral load resisting systems efficiently incorporated the use of structural steel, masonry, cast-in-place and precast concrete to fully meet the requirements of the architects and mechanical engineers.
Subjects: Structural design ; Fire stations—Wyoming—Cheyenne—Design and construction
Kathleen Stout with Jere Hamilton
Architectural Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: The presentation is of a mechanical system to heat and cool a fire station. The station is currently under construction in Gillette, Wyoming. The building is three stories and includes offices, storage, a dormitory, a public community room, and a garage for the fire engines.
The heating for the system is hydronic radiant in-floor heat, which is considered more comfortable than forced air. The cooling is done with indirect/direct evaporative cooling, also called two-stage evaporative cooling. This form of cooling uses cold water to reduce the incoming air temperature. It uses less energy while increasing the humidity in the air.
The preliminary system design includes all areas of the building. However, in order to show proficiency in system design, only one floor was selected to develop fully. Design work includes pipe and duct sizing, selection of boiler, pumps, air handler, fans, and terminal devices.
Subjects: Fire stations—Heating and ventilation—Wyoming—Gillette—Design and construction ; Evaporative cooling—Design and construction ; Radiant floor heating—Design and construction
The
dynamics of
stable isotope incorporation into avian nails
Ryan Strom with Dr. Carlos Martinez Del Rio
Department of Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation|
EPSCoR Scottsbluff NE
Abstract: Stable isotope analyses are used increasingly to study animal diets. Different tissues incorporate the diets isotopic signature at different rates and hence reveal the history of the animal’s diet at different time intervals. I investigated the time-course of 13C incorporation into the claws of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). I shifted ten individuals from a wheat (13C = –25.46‰ ± 0.07 VPDB, n=5,15N = 4.3‰ ±0.09 Air N2, n=5) to a corn (13C = –11.28‰ ± 0.06 VPDB, n=5, 15N = 1.46‰ ± 0.26 Air N2, n=5) diet and collected nail samples 0,1,2,4,8,16,26,32,64,128 days after the diet shift to study time course of d13C incorporation into the nails. I cut the nails into four sections from proximal to distal and analyzed the samples for stable isotopes. Whole nails were also analyzed. Nail segment isotope incorporation was analyzed compared with whole nail isotope incorporation and with time. I found no position effect along the nail. The composition of nails changed with time but the composition along the nail was relatively constant. The composition of each nail fragment was linearly correlated with the composition of the same from the other foot analyzed whole (r2=0.86). A coexponential function described the incorporation of carbon into nails adequately (r2=0.95). The average residence time of carbon in nails was 83 days. Nails provide a non-invasive way to investigate bird diets. In house sparrows, nails incorporate carbon over an average of close to 3 months.
Subjects:
English sparrow—Food ;
Claws ; Stable isotopes in ecological research
Jared Strube
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR
Abstract: The intent of this project was to improve an already-designed and built quad-cycle by modifying components as requested by the client. Issues with the previous design included steering wheels that were too low and far away from the position of the driver and passenger and reduced passenger seat travel due to the improper location of a shoulder harness support. These concerns have been addressed individually. By redesigning the passenger steering assembly to allow adjustability, the client can customize the location of the passenger steering wheel as needed. The driver’s steering wheel could not be made adjustable without substantial redesign of many other components of the steering system, and was hence simply raised by 3 inches and extended by redesigning the brackets by which the steering frame was attached to the main frame and rotating the steering frame by 180 degrees. Relocation of the shoulder harness support now allows full travel of the passenger seat.
Subjects: Human powered vehicles—Design and construction ; Human powered vehicles—Safety appliances ; Human powered vehicles—Steering-gear
*Remote
Controlled
Optical Robot
JS Engineering
Jared Strube and Jarvis Schultz
Mechanical Engineering Department
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of Wyoming
ME and ECE Senior Design
Abstract: JS Engineering created the concept for a remote-controlled optical robot. The concept was to create a camera-carrying robot that could be controlled by a user’s head movements. The robot’s camera would then transmit a video signal wirelessly back to a head-mounted display worn by the user. The objective was to create a virtual sense of being in a remote location. There are many potential applications for this project, including but not limited to, space exploration, military reconnaissance, law enforcement, and search and rescue. Funding for the project is provided by the Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium. The design and manufacturing has taken place at the University of Wyoming’s College of Engineering.
The robot is a simple, two degree-of-freedom gimbal design consisting of two motors and two axes of rotation. The head mounted system includes a display and an optical tracking system. The tracking system is connected to a computer and uses sensors to detect head motion. The computer processes data from the tracking device and encodes it for transmission. The microcontroller receives these signals and sends them to two stepper motors via a control circuit that control the robots movements. Rotary encoders are attached to the two motors, and the motors are run in a closed-loop feedback control system. The camera attached to the robot then transmits the video signal back to the user.
Jay Truitt with Dr. Gail Leedy
Social Work
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
Abstract: Postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PPD) have a tremendous cost on both the mother and infant. The neurobiological mechanisms behind PPD are poorly understood. However, in humans major depressive disorder has been consistently linked to morphological changes in the hippocampus. In rats, these changes include reduction in dendritic spines, branching, and length. Additional studies have found neural plasticity within the hippocampus in response to stress, hormones, mothering, pregnancy, and neuropeptides.
The purpose of this experiment is to attempt to induce depressive behavior in ovariectomized, female Long-Evans rats by using unpredictable, chronic mild stress (UCMS). Then measuring the success using behavioral tests, histology, blood chemistry, and immunochemistry. The behavior testing will include various social and exploratory tests to measure the amount of activity of the rats. The histology will consist of Golgi-Cox staining to measure the change in dendritic structures. The blood chemistry will measure corticosterone and the immunochemistry will use ELISA to measure brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) both of which are indicators of stress.
If the induction of stress is successful, then in future studies these same procedures will be tested on normal cycling females using interventional procedures such as the administration of various antidepressants to measure their effectiveness.
Subjects: Rats—Effect of stress
on ; Postpartum depression
Wind River Range:
Pacific Oceanic / Atmospheric Variability
And
Tree-Ring
Collection
Thomas Watson with Dr. Glenn Tootle
Civil & Architectural Engineering
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Guernsey, WY
Abstract: This project looked at the influence of interdecadal and interannual Pacific ocean / atmospheric variability in the Wind River Range (WRR), as well as tree-ring collection to improve hydrologic reconstructions. Snow water equivalent (SWE) and unimpaired streamflow instrumental datasets for stations in the Green River Basin (GRB – west slope of WRR) and the Wind-Bighorn River Basin (WBRB – east slope of WRR) were obtained. The parametric t-test test, a statistical significance test, was applied based on the interdecadal and interannual oceanic / atmospheric phase (warm / positive or cold / negative) of the Pacific [El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)]. Results show that the interannual ENSO phase influences snow variability in the WRR and the interdecadal PDO phase influences snow variability during La Niña events. Tree-ring collection was done in the WRR to update current hydrologic data.
Subjects: Dendroclimatology—Wyoming—Wind River Range ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction—Pacific Ocean ; Precipitation variability—Wyoming—Wind River Range
Stable
Isotope
Analysis of Marine-derived Nitrogen
Alyssa Wechsler with Dr. Carolyn Meyer
Botany and Ecology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Sheridan, WY
Abstract: The objective of my study is to determine the history of otter latrine use of sites over time and assess the effect of such use on tree ring growth. To accomplish this objective, I first developed a method to extract labile 15N from tree core samples by removing organic solutes with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide. Only the non-labile 15N provides temporal information on latrine use. Development of this method required a thorough literature review and interviews with researchers currently addressing the problem of labile 15N in tree rings. I am currently testing and analyzing the core samples by correlating 15N concentrations of the most recent tree ring to intensity of otter use observed in the summer of 2006. A high correlation will indicate an effective method. Lastly, I will measure tree ring widths of each core and correlate the width with δ15N in the rings. A high correlation coefficient will support my hypothesis that the inputs of marine-derived nitrogen by otters increase tree productivity on these sites. Results for these tests are forthcoming and will be presented.
Subjects: Dendroclimatology—Alaska—Prince William Sound ; Sitka spruce—Alaska—Prince William Sound—Growth ; Nitrogen excretion ; North American river otter—Alaska—Prince William Sound ; Animal-plant relationships—Alaska—Prince William Sound
Health
Care and Methamphetamine:
Comparing Policy in Wyoming
Hope Marie Wilson with Dr. Catherine Connolly
Women’s Studies
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: Decisions made through legislative bodies are a primary force in shaping policy in the United States regarding health care and methamphetamine. Nationally, health care is a popular topic that creates debates about socialized health care, Medicare programs, and the importance of obtaining health insurance. In Wyoming, methamphetamine and drug abuse have been target areas for prevention recently.
Both of these topics were addressed in many forms during the 2007 Wyoming Legislative Session. Evaluation of the proposals, amendments, and successes of bills related to these topics will shed light on policy making in Wyoming. Driving forces behind these decisions will be analyzed by considering mechanisms of support for these bills including the individuals and agencies that take part in the legislative process. Actions taken in other states and nationally will also explain decisions made in Wyoming.
Comparing the value given to these ‘hot topics’ in Wyoming policy making sheds light on the priorities of Wyoming lawmakers and citizens. This paper will evaluate the basis for the relative achievements made in the areas of health care and methamphetamine in order to determine how the strength of national vs. statewide priorities.
Subjects:
Maternal health
services—Law and legislation—Wyoming ; Infant health services—Law and
legislation—Wyoming ; Maternal and infant welfare—Law and
legislation—Wyoming ; Methamphetamine
abuse—Law and legislation—Wyoming ; Pregnant women—Drug use—Law and
legislation—Wyoming
Sarah Wolff with Dr. George Gill
Anthropology & History
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program Laramie, WY
Abstract: In the bitter North of Scotland lay the remote Orkney Islands. A series of islands with a current population of 20,000, it has a long and interesting history, with many events that I argue were impacted by boredom. The long history includes the oldest standing stone-age structure in Europe built 5,000 years ago, followed by settlement of the islands by Vikings, and then being traded from Norway to England as part of a marriage dowry. The Orkneys served a crucial role in WWI and WWII when the British naval bases were housed there, and in WWI the infamous scuttling of the German fleet occurred there.
I got a chance to study the history of the Orkney Islands while participating in the North Orkney Population History project, conducted by Penn State University’s anthropology department. I spent this past summer on several of the northernmost of the Orkney Islands of Scotland, primarily the island of Westray. The project was funded by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Human and Social Dynamics program. The study examined the demography, economy, and history of settlement in the North Orkney Islands.
Subjects: Orkney (Scotland)—History ; Orkney (Scotland)—Population ; Orkney (Scotland)—Civilization ; Orkney (Scotland)—Economic conditions
Matt Wood with Dr.
Carolyn Meyer
Zoology and Physiology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Moorcroft, WY
Abstract: A topic of recent interest to ecologists is the response of plant communities to nutrient inputs by animals. The effects of such inputs on vegetation are not well-understood, particularly in the shallow soils of the coastal rainforests in Alaska. River otters (Lontra canadensis) that inhabit the marine waters in Prince William Sound use communal latrine sites on the forest margin, transporting varying amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus from sea to land. Thus, latrine use may change the species diversity in these forest ecosystems. I hypothesized that, as nutrients increase from otter fertilization, the sites will initially increase in diversity (on low-use latrines) and then decrease (on high-use latrines) according to Grime’s hypothesis. Also, I hypothesized diversity would be highest at intermediate distances from the center of the latrine. I sampled high and low use latrines, and non-latrines using a Daubenmire plot and calculated the species richness and Shannon Wiener Diversity Index at 0, 2, 6, 10, 20, 30 and 50 m from the high tideline into the forest. The results showed that herbaceous plant richness did not differ significantly between high and low use latrines or non-latrines, even when the beach fringe (distances of 0 and 2 m) was excluded. However, when beach fringe (distances of 0 and 2 m) was excluded from the analyses using Shannon Diversity, high use latrines had significantly lower diversity than low-use latrine sites, although diversity of low-use sites did not significantly differ from high-use sites. Similarly, centers of high-use latrines, where otter use was heaviest, tended to have lower diversity than the rest of the latrine, although the difference was not statistically significant. I concluded that river otters do not increase plant diversity, but rather reduce it when large numbers communally use a latrine.
Subjects: Plant diversity—Alaska—Prince William Sound ; North American river otter—Alaska—Prince William Sound ; Animal-plant relationships—Alaska—Prince William Sound
Teal B. Wyckoff with Dr. Scott N. Miller
Renewable Resources/Environment and Natural Resources
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
EPSCoR Shawnee, PA
Abstract: This Research Project addressed the temporal and spatial trends in gas and co-produced water outputs associated with Coalbed Natural Gas (CBNG) development within the Powder River Basin (PRB) in Wyoming. Total gas and water output were summarized by 12 digit Hydrologic Unit Codes within the basin using a customized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software program. Each unit was summarized by year from before large-scale development (1996) through 2006 for all land ownership designations using freely available data provided by the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. This research is part of a broader effort aimed at identifying and interpreting key policies and time points that influenced the pace and pattern of development in the PRB.
This project focused on the spatial and temporal analysis of data to identify potential causal mechanisms that influenced CBNG development in the PRB. This project leveraged existing research findings and is embedded in a larger research project funded by the US Department of Energy led by Drs. Scott Miller (Renewable Resources) and Fred Ogden (Civil and Architectural Engineering) and administered through IENR. The goal of this research is to integrate the spatial aspects of CBNG development, with a previously constructed detailed timeline of the regulatory and legal framework surrounding CBNG development in Wyoming.
Subjects: Coalbed methane—Geographic information systems—Powder River Basin (Wyo. and Mont.)
Kristine Young with Rachel Watson
Molecular Biology
University of Wyoming
Oral Presentation
UW Honors Program/ EPSCoR Cheyenne, WY
Abstract: In September 2006 the Centers for Disease Control made the recommendation that all patients between the ages of 13 and 64 in all health care settings be tested for HIV. The reason for such a recommendation is that several studies have shown that current risk-based HIV screening is not sufficient to identify the majority of HIV cases. Many HIV infected people visit a health-care setting many years before diagnosis, where they could have been diagnosed had screening been in place. Implementation of screening for all patients could detect many cases much earlier in the disease, both helping the individual and preventing further spread. This study seeks to determine University of Wyoming student awareness about this CDC recommendation. It will further try to identify issues that may keep University of Wyoming Students from following the recommendation. Data will be collected using a survey given to students asking about their experiences with HIV testing and their perceptions of HIV awareness on the UW campus. The results of this study will be given to the HIV/AIDS awareness and education group on campus to help them better serve the student population.
Subjects: HIV infections—Diagnosis—Wyoming—Public opinion ; College students—Wyoming—Attitudes ; Public opinion—Wyoming
Poster Presentations
Family Room of the Wyoming Union, UW Campus
4:30 – 6:30 PM, April 28, 2007
Kenny Ainsworth The Effects of Values and Cultural Identity on Depression in Native American Youth
Shelby Albertson Religiosity and Deviance
Michael Asay Antibacterial Activity of Alpine Tundra Soil Bacteria
Megan Bagley Properties of Evolving Galaxies: Preliminary Mass-Metallicity Results
F. Rocky Barrett Dragline Silk Production in Alfalfa
Jason Casebolt Phylogenetic Relationships of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Parasites from Wild Rodents Based on Plastid ORF 470 Sequences
Andrew Condon Improved Aiming Device for an M-203 Grenade Launcher
Emily Conkin Diversity of Eimeria Parasites Based on DNA Sequences
Jason Crouch Diversity of Eimeria Parasites Based on DNA Sequences
Kenneth Englund Religiosity, Mortality Salience, and its Role in Helping Behavior.
Kari Fuller The Run AnyWear: An Interactive Fitness System for Runners
Justin Futia Fluorine NMR study of Antimony Penta-Fluoride
Kyle Gardner Religiosity and Deviance
Adam Granger Rectangular Waveguide Quick Disconnect (WR975)
Robert Grogan Modeling and Simulation of Flexible Structures and Robots
Chad Hager HCS12 Teaching Platform
Elizabeth Hamilton Biblical Themes in Artwork by African Americans as a Form of Social Reaction or Assimilation
Nicole Hartzheim NASA Great Moonbuggy Race 2007
Jami Harvey Kallikrein-like activity in Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
Ethan Hendrickson Load Controlled variable Capacitor Bank
Chelsie Hess Social dominance orientation and its relation to views of corporal punishment and parental expectations
Lisa Humbert Observation of the Norwegian Atlantic Current Using Seismic Oceanography
Erin Imhoff Religiosity and Deviance
Michael Jimeno NASA Great Moonbuggy Race 2007
Westin Joy Singular Integral Equation in 2D Subsonic Aeroelasticity
Kelly Keenan Diversity of Eimeria Parasites Based on DNA Sequences
Ben Kelly Extrasolar Planet Search in NGC 188
Jack Leonhardt Antibacterial Activity of Alpine Tundra Soil Bacteria
Robert Lewis HCS12 Teaching Platform
Jason Lipka Wood Texturing Machinery
Douglas MacDonald Digital Laser Diode Controller
Adriana Magaña Immigration Politics and Policies: Differing Perceptions between Mexican Origin Immigrations and Return Migrants
Cheryl Mandich Phylogenetic Relationships of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Parasites from Wild Rodents Based on Plastid ORF 470 Sequences
Heidi Martin Fluorine NMR study of Antimony Penta-Fluoride
Emily May Properties of Evolving Galaxies: Preliminary Mass-Metallicity Results
Sage McCann Identification of Thermophilic Bacteria and Characterization of their Habitat: Big Horn Springs, Thermopolis, Wyoming
Hannah McWilliams Charlotte de Corday: How the Murder of a Jacobin Affected Women in the French Revolution
Alex Melka Power Nail Puller Attachment for a Hammer Drill
Daniel Milligan Wood Texturing Machinery
Vicki Myers Comparison of Pterosaurs At Seminoe Reservoir to Alcova Reservoir Tracks In South-Central Wyoming
Mikah Naylor NASA Great Moonbuggy Race 2007
James Nelson Power Nail Puller Attachment for a Hammer Drill
Thomas Neuwerth Amplification of Aciniform Spider Silk DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Levi Oberg NASA Great Moonbuggy Race 2007
Eric Penner Wood Texturing Machinery
Chad Petersen Antimicrobial activity and salt tolerance of sagebrush associated actinomycetes
Laura Portscheller Extrasolar Planet Search in NGC 188
John Raines Effects of Progesterone on Ram Reproductive Behavior
Katherine Rogers The C. elegans glycopeptide hormone receptor homolog, FSHR-1, regulates germline sex determination, proliferation and survival
Aaron Ross Religiosity and Deviance
Owen Rust Political Cartoons and Immigration
Julie Sandberg The Run AnyWear: An Interactive Fitness System for Runners
Jarvis Schulz Remote Controlled Optical Robot
Christina Skinner Application of Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering of Ligaments
Joshua Slattery Life Habitat of the Campanian Heteromorphic Ammonite Didymoceras
Caleb Speiser Synchronized Optical Devices
Jared Strube Remote Controlled Optical Robot
Jason Stuck Improved Aiming Device for an M 203 Grenade Launcher
Kevin Sun Synthesis of CWD Causing Protein By Gene Recombination
Tyler Swaney Load Controlled variable Capacitor Bank
Heather Talbott Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Receptors in the Cerebellum of Rats and Mice
Joshua Taylor Examining the Relationship Between the Stature of Countries with Ethnic Conflict and the Intervention into their conflict
Jake Thatcher Wyoming Survey for Cosmological Hydrogen
Joshua Thomas Diet, parasites and fat deposits in American martens (Martes americana) on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
Clay Trevenen Fluorine NMR study of Antimony Penta-Fluoride
Justin Walsh Power Nail Puller Attachment for a Hammer Drill
Qi Wang Circadian Cycle and Reproduction
Thet Win Voice Activated Input and Output Calculator
Shanna Wisdom AIDS Stigma among Students at the University of Wyoming
Philip Wulf Kallikrein-like activity in Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
Mike Yurkoski HCS12 Teaching Platform